Peanut Shell-Derived Biochar as a Low-Cost Adsorbent to Extract Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Copper, and Zinc (Heavy Metals) from Wastewater: Circular Economy Approach

The accumulation of heavy metals in water bodies degrades the quality and availability. Heavy are toxic can be fatal if consumed. Various techniques such as ion-exchange, precipitation, adsorption have been used to extract wastewater. process will reviewed this study since it uses various adsorbents from industrial waste agricultural is inexpensive. production produces large amounts toxins greenhouse gases also costly produce; thus, was suggested that produce using biomass, which supports both circular economy sustainability. most effective biomass adsorbent activated carbon; however, has high costs than biochar. This review on synthesis biochar, its contribution economy, biochar mechanisms, extraction techniques, peanut shells an metals, namely, chromium, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper a low-cost adsorbent. Furthermore, limitations shell-derived identified. Studies were conducted found even shell without pyrolysis remove metals. In one study, raw (non-pyrolyzed) lead shells’ dosages at 0.5 g, 1.0 1.5 g 74.36%, 74.57%, 74.05% extracted, respectively. other pyrolyzed Cr(I II), Cu(II), Pb(II) extracted 80%, 85%, 90% metal ions, shows adsorbs more ions; necessary thermally degrade before usage. More literature usage wastewater article further show potential